Preheat oven to 325°F. Line an 8×8-inch pan with parchment and lightly grease.
Beat egg whites until stiff peaks form. Set aside.
Beat egg yolks with sugar until pale and slightly thick.
Add melted butter and vanilla. Mix until smooth.
Add flour and mix gently until just combined.
Stir in lemon juice and zest.
Slowly add lukewarm milk while mixing until smooth and thin.
Gently whisk in egg whites, leaving small lumps.
Pour batter into pan and bake 40 to 60 minutes, check at 35 minutes.
Cover with foil if top browns too quickly. Avoid overbaking.
Cool completely, then dust with powdered sugar before serving.